(1) Participants are persons who contribute to the commission of an offence as perpetrator, organiser, instigator or accomplice.

(2) The perpetrator shall be considered to be the person who directly commits the act provided for by the criminal law, as well as the person who committed the offence through persons who are not liable to criminal liability due to age, irresponsibility or other reasons provided for by this Code.

(3) A person who has organized the commission of a criminal offence or has directed its commission, as well as a person who has created an organized criminal group or a criminal organization or has directed their activity, shall be considered an organizer.

(4) A person shall be regarded as an instigator who by any means induces another person to commit an offence.

(5) A person shall be considered an accomplice who has contributed to the commission of the offence by giving advice, instructions, information, means or instruments or by removing obstacles, as well as a person who has promised in advance to favour the offender, to conceal the means or instruments of committing the offence, the traces of the offence or the objects acquired by criminal means or a person who has promised in advance to procure or sell such objects.

(6) The participants must have the characteristics of the subject of the offence.