This Agreement shall apply to persons who are residents of one or both of the Contracting States.

1. This Agreement shall apply to taxes on income and on capital imposed on  behalf of a Contracting State or of its political subdivisions or local authorities,  irrespective of the manner in which they are levied. 

2. There shall be regarded as taxes on income and on capital all taxes imposed  on total income, on total capital, or on elements of income or of capital, including  taxes on gains from the alienation of movable or immovable property, as well as  taxes on capital appreciation. 

3. The existing taxes to which the Agreement shall apply are in particular:

a) in the Republic of Moldova: 

(i) income tax on enterprises; 

(ii) income tax on individuals; 

(iii) tax on immovable property; 

(hereinafter referred to as “Moldovan tax”); 

b) in Switzerland: 

the federal, cantonal and communal taxes 

(i) on income (total income, earned income, income from capital,  industrial and commercial profits, capital gains, and other items of income); and

(ii) on capital (total property, movable and immovable property, business  assets, paid-up capital and reserves, and other items of capital) 

(hereinafter referred to as “Swiss tax”). 

4. The Agreement shall apply also to any identical or substantially similar  taxes which are imposed after the date of signature of the Agreement in addition to,  or in place of, the existing taxes. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall notify each other of any substantial changes which have been made in their  respective taxation laws. 

5. The Agreement shall not apply to taxes withheld at the source on prizes in a  lottery.

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, unless the context otherwise requires: 

a)

(i) the term “Republic of Moldova” means the Republic of Moldova and,  when used in a geographical sense, means the territory of Moldova including the  internal waters and aerial space over which the Republic of Moldova exercises  sovereign rights to work mineral and natural resources, in accordance with the norms  of international law; 

(ii) the term “Switzerland” means the Swiss Confederation; 

b) the terms “a Contracting State” and “the other Contracting State” mean  the Republic of Moldova or Switzerland, as the context requires; 

c) the term “person” includes an individual, a company and any other body  of persons; 

d) the term “company” means any body corporate or any entity which is  treated as a body corporate for tax purposes; 

e) the terms “enterprise of a Contracting State” and “enterprise of the other  Contracting State” mean respectively an enterprise carried on by a resident of a  Contracting State and an enterprise carried on by a resident of the other Contracting  State; 

f) the term “international traffic” means any transport by a ship or aircraft  operated by an enterprise of a Contracting State, except when the ship or aircraft is  operated solely between places in the other Contracting State; 

g) the term “competent authority” means: 

(i) in the case of the Republic of Moldova, the Ministry of Finance or its  authorized representative; 

(ii) in the case of Switzerland, the Director of the Federal Tax  Administration or his authorized representative;

h) the term “national” means: 

(i) any individual possessing the nationality of a Contracting State;

(ii) any legal person, partnership or association deriving its status as such  from the laws in force in a Contracting State. 

2. As regards the application of the Agreement by a Contracting State any term  not defined therein shall, unless the context otherwise requires, have the meaning which  it has under the law of that State concerning the taxes to which the Agreement applies. 

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “resident of a Contracting  State” means any person who, under the laws of that State, is liable to tax therein by  reason of his domicile, residence, place of management or any other criterion of a  similar nature. But this term does not include any person who is liable to tax in that  State in respect only of income from sources in that State or capital situated therein. 

2. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 an individual is a resident  of both Contracting States, then his status shall be determined as follows: 

a) he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has a  permanent home available to him; if he has a permanent home available to him in  both States, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State with which his personal  and economic relations are closer (centre of vital interests); 

b) if the State in which he has his centre of vital interests cannot be  determined, or if he has not a permanent home available to him in either State, he  shall be deemed to be a resident of the State in which he has an habitual abode; 

c) if he has an habitual abode in both States or in neither of them, he shall be deemed to be a resident of the State of which he is a national; 

d) if he is a national of both States or of neither of them, the competent  authorities of the Contracting States shall settle the question by mutual agreement. 

3. Where by reason of the provisions of paragraph 1 a person other than an  individual is a resident of both Contracting States, then it shall be deemed to be a  resident of the State in which its place of effective management is situated.

1. For the purposes of this Agreement, the term “permanent establishment”  means a fixed place of business through which the business of an enterprise is  wholly or partly carried on.

2. The term “permanent establishment” includes especially: 

a) a place of management; 

b) a branch; 

c) an office; 

d) a factory; 

e) a workshop, and 

f) a mine, an oil or gas well, a quarry or any other place of extraction of  natural resources. 

3. A building site or construction or installation project constitutes a  permanent establishment only if it lasts more then twelve months. 

4. Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, the term  “permanent establishment” shall be deemed not to include: 

a) the use of facilities solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery  of goods or merchandise belonging to the enterprise; 

b) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the  enterprise solely for the purpose of storage, display or delivery; 

c) the maintenance of a stock of goods or merchandise belonging to the  enterprise solely for the purpose of processing by another enterprise; d) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of  purchasing goods or merchandise or of collecting information, for the enterprise; e) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for the purpose of  advertising, for the supply of information, for scientific research or similar activities  which have a preparatory or auxiliary character for the enterprise; f) an installation or assembly project carried on by an enterprise of a  Contracting State in the other Contracting State in connection with the delivery of  machinery or equipment produced by that enterprise; 

g) the maintenance of a fixed place of business solely for any combination  of activities mentioned in subparagraphs a) to f), provided that the overall activity of  the fixed place of business resulting from this combination is of a preparatory or  auxiliary character. 

5. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2, where a person - other then an agent of an independent status to whom paragraph 6 applies - is acting  on behalf of an enterprise and has, and habitually exercises, in a Contracting State an  authority to conclude contracts in the name of the enterprise, that enterprise shall be  deemed to have a permanent establishment in that State in respect of any activities  which that person undertakes for the enterprise, unless the activities of such person  are limited to those mentioned in paragraph 4 which, if exercised through a fixed  place of business, would not make this fixed place of business a permanent  establishment under the provisions of that paragraph.

6. An enterprise shall not be deemed to have a permanent establishment in a  Contracting State merely because it carries on business in that State through a  broker, general commission agent or any other agent of an independent status,  provided that such persons are acting in the ordinary course of their business. 

7. The fact that a company which is a resident of a Contracting State controls  or is controlled by a company which is a resident of the other Contracting State, or  which carries on business in that other State (whether through a permanent  establishment or otherwise), shall not of itself constitute either company a permanent  establishment of the other.

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State from immovable  property (including income from agriculture or forestry) situated in the other  Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. 

2. The term “immovable property” shall have the meaning which it has under  the law of the Contracting State in which the property in question is situated. The  term shall in any case include property accessory to immovable property, livestock  and equipment used in agriculture and forestry, rights to which the provisions of  general law respecting landed property apply, usufruct of immovable property and  rights to variable or fixed payments as consideration for the working of, or the right  to work, mineral deposits, sources and other natural resources; ships and aircraft  shall not be regarded as immovable property. 

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall apply to income derived from the direct  use, letting, or use in any other form of immovable property. 

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 3 shall also apply to the income from  immovable property of an enterprise and to income from immovable property used  for the performance of independent personal services.

1. The profits of an enterprise of a Contracting State shall be taxable only in  that State unless the enterprise carries on business in the other Contracting State  through a permanent establishment situated therein. If the enterprise carries on  business as aforesaid, the profits of the enterprise may be taxed in the other State but  only so much of them as is attributable to that permanent establishment.

2. Subject to the provisions of paragraph 3, where an enterprise of a  Contracting State carries on business in the other Contracting State through a  permanent establishment situated therein, there shall in each Contracting State be  attributed to that permanent establishment the profits which is might be expected to  make if it where a distinct and separate enterprise engaged in the same or similar  activities under the same or similar conditions and dealing wholly independently  with the enterprise of which it is a permanent establishment. 

3. In determining the profits of a permanent establishment, there shall be  allowed as deductions expenses which are incurred for the purposes of the permanent  establishment, including executive and general administrative expenses so incurred,  whether in the State in which the permanent establishment is situated or elsewhere. 

4. Insofar as it has been customary in a Contracting State to determine the  profits to be attributed to a permanent establishment on the basis of an  apportionment of the total profits of the enterprise to its various parts, nothing in  paragraph 2 shall preclude that Contracting State from determining the profits to be  taxed by such an apportionment as may be customary; the method of apportionment  adopted shall, however, be such that the result shall be in accordance with the  principles contained in this Article. 

5. No profits shall be attributed to a permanent establishment by reason of the  mere purchase by that permanent establishment of goods or merchandise for the  enterprise. 

6. For the purposes of the preceding paragraphs, the profits to be attributed to  the permanent establishment shall be determined by the same method year by year  unless there is good and sufficient reason to the contrary. 

7. Where profits include items of income which are dealt with separately in  other Articles of this Agreement, then the provisions of those Articles shall not be  affected by the provisions of this Article.

1. Profits derived by an enterprise of a Contracting State from the operation of  ships or aircraft in international traffic shall be taxable only in that State. 

2. For the purposes of this Article, profits from the operation of ships or  aircraft in international traffic shall include: 

a) profits from the rental on a bareboat basis of ships or aircraft;

b) profits from the rental of containers (including trailers and related  equipment for the transport of containers) used for the transport of goods or  merchandise; 

provided that such rental is incidental to the operation of ships or aircraft in  international traffic. 

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall also apply to profits from the  participation in a pool, a joint business or an international operating agency.

1. Where 

a) an enterprise of a Contracting State participates directly or indirectly in  the management, control or capital of an enterprise of the other Contracting State, or 

b) the same persons participate directly or indirectly in the management,  control or capital of an enterprise of a Contracting State and an enterprise of the  other Contracting State, 

and in either case conditions are made or imposed between the two enterprises in  their commercial or financial relations which differ from those which would be made  between independent enterprises, then any profits which would, but for those  conditions, have accrued to one of the enterprises, but, by reason of those conditions,  have not so accrued, may be included in the profits of that enterprise and taxed  accordingly. 

2. Where profits on which an enterprise of a Contracting State has been  charged to tax in that State are also included in the profits of an enterprise of the  other Contracting State and taxed accordingly, and the profits so included are profits  which would have accrued to that enterprise of the other State, if the conditions made between the two enterprises had been those which would have been made between  independent enterprises, then the competent authorities of the Contracting State may  consult together with a view to reach an agreement on the adjustment of profits in  both Contracting States.

1. Dividends paid by a company which is a resident of a Contracting State to a  resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

2. However, such dividends may also be taxed in the Contracting State of  which the company paying the dividends is a resident and according to the laws of  that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial owner of the dividends the tax so  charged shall not exceed: 

a) 5 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends if the beneficial owner is  a company (other than a partnership) which holds directly at least 25 per cent of the  capital of the company paying the dividends; 

b) 15 per cent of the gross amount of the dividends in all other cases. 

The competent authorities of the Contracting State shall by mutual agreement  settle the mode of application of these limitations. 

This paragraph shall not affect the taxation of the company in respect of the profits out of which the dividends are paid.

3. The term “dividends” as used in this Article means income from shares,  “jouissance” shares or “jouissance” rights, mining shares, founders’ shares or other  rights, not being debt-claims, participating in profits, as well as income from other  corporate rights which is subjected to the same taxation treatment as income from  shares by the laws of the State of which the company making the distribution is a  resident. 

4. The provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 shall not apply if the beneficial owner  of the dividends, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the  other Contracting State of which the company paying the dividends is a resident,  through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State  independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and the holding in  respect of which the dividends are paid is effectively connected with such permanent  establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as  the case may be, shall apply. 

5. Where a company which is a resident of a Contracting State derives profits  or income from the other Contracting State, that other State may not impose any tax  on the dividends paid by the company, except insofar as such dividends are paid to a  resident of that other State or insofar as the holding in respect of which the dividends  are paid is effectively connected with a permanent establishment or a fixed base  situated in that other State, nor subject the company’s undistributed profits to a tax  on the company’s undistributed profits, even if the dividends paid or the  undistributed profits consist wholly or partly of profits or income arising in such  other State.

1. Interest arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other  Contracting State may be taxed in that other State. 

2. However, such interest may also be taxed in the Contracting State in which  it arises and according to the laws of that State, but if the recipient is the beneficial  owner of the interest the tax so charged shall not exceed 10 per cent of the gross  amount of the interest. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall by  mutual agreement settle the mode of application of this limitation. 

3. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2, interest arising in a  Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other Contracting State who is the  beneficial owner thereof shall be taxable only in that other State to the extent that  such interest is paid 

a) in connection with the sale on credit of any industrial, commercial or  scientific equipment, 

b) in connection with the sale on credit of any merchandise by one  enterprise to another enterprise, or 

c) on any loan of whatever kind granted by a bank. 

4. The term “interest” as used in this Article means income from debt-claims  of every kind, whether or not secured by mortgage and whether or not carrying a  right to participate in the debtor’s profits, and in particular, income from government  securities and income from bonds or debentures, including premiums and prizes  attaching to such securities, bonds or debentures. Penalty charges for late payment  shall not be regarded as interest for the purpose of this Article. 

5. The provisions of paragraphs 1, 2 and 3 shall not apply if the beneficial  owner of the interest, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in  the other Contracting State in which the interest arises, through a permanent  establishment situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal  services from a fixed base situated therein, and the debt-claims in respect of which  the interest is paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or  fixed base. In such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be,  shall apply. 

6. Interest shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is  that State itself, a political subdivision, a local authority or a resident of that State.  Where, however, the person paying the interest, whether he is a resident of a  Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a  fixed base in connection with which the indebtedness on which the interest is paid was incurred, and such interest is borne by such permanent establishment or fixed  base, then such interest shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent  establishment or fixed base is situated. 

7. Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the  beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the  interest, having regard to the debt-claim for which it is paid, exceeds the amount  which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the beneficial owner in the  absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article shall apply only to the  last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the payments shall remain  taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due regard being had to the  other provisions of this Agreement.

1. Royalties arising in a Contracting State and paid to a resident of the other  Contracting State shall be taxable only in that other State if such resident is the  beneficial owner of the royalties. 

2. The term “royalties” as used in this Article means payments of any kind  received as a consideration for the use of, or the right to use, any copyright of  literary, artistic or scientific work including cinematograph films, any patent, trade  mark, design or model, plan, secret formula or process, or for information concerning  industrial, commercial or scientific experience. 

3. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply if the beneficial owner of the  royalties, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other  Contracting State in which the royalties arise, through a permanent establishment  situated therein, or performs in that other State independent personal services from a  fixed base situated therein, and the right or property in respect of which the royalties  are paid is effectively connected with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In  such case the provisions of Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply. 

4.Where, by reason of a special relationship between the payer and the  beneficial owner or between both of them and some other person, the amount of the  royalties, having regard to the use, right or information for which they are paid,  exceeds the amount which would have been agreed upon by the payer and the  beneficial owner in the absence of such relationship, the provisions of this Article  shall apply only to the last-mentioned amount. In such case, the excess part of the  payments shall remain taxable according to the laws of each Contracting State, due  regard being had to the other provisions of this Agreement.

5. Royalties shall be deemed to arise in a Contracting State when the payer is  the State itself, a political subdivision, a local authority or a resident of that State.  Where, however, the person paying the royalties, whether he is a resident of a  Contracting State or not, has in a Contracting State a permanent establishment or a  fixed base in connection with which the liability to pay the royalties was incurred,  and such royalties are borne by such permanent establishment or fixed base, then  such royalties shall be deemed to arise in the State in which the permanent  establishment or fixed base is situated.

1. Gains derived by a resident of a Contracting State from the alienation of  immovable property referred to in Article 6 and situated in the other Contracting  State may be taxed in that other State. 

2. Gains from the alienation of movable property forming part of the business  property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has  in the other Contracting State or of movable property pertaining to a fixed base  available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the  purpose of performing independent personal services, including such gains from the  alienation of such a permanent establishment (alone or with the whole enterprise) or  of such fixed base, may be taxed in that other State. 

3. Gains derived by an enterprise of a Contracting State from the alienation of  ships or aircraft operated in international traffic or movable property pertaining to  the operation of such ships or aircraft shall be taxable only in that State. 

4. Gains from the alienation of any property other then that referred to in  paragraphs 1, 2 and 3, shall be taxable only in the Contracting State of which the  alienator is a resident.

1. Income derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of  professional services or other activities of an independent character shall be taxable  only in that State unless he has a fixed base regularly available to him in the other  Contracting State for the purpose of performing his activities. If he has such a fixed  base, the income may be taxed in the other State but only so much of it as is  attributable to that fixed base.

2. The term “professional services” includes especially independent scientific,  literary, artistic, educational or teaching activities as well as the independent  activities of physicians, lawyers, engineers, architects, dentists and accountants.

1. Subject to the provisions of Articles 16, 18 and 19, salaries, wages and other  similar remuneration derived by a resident of a Contracting State in respect of an  employment shall be taxable only in that State unless the employment is exercised in  the other Contracting State. If the employment is so exercised, such remuneration as  is derived therefrom may be taxed in that other State. 

2. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 1, remuneration derived by a  resident of a Contracting State in respect of an employment exercised in the other  Contracting State shall be taxable only in the first-mentioned State if: 

a) the recipient is present in the other State for a period or periods not  exceeding in the aggregate 183 days in the calendar year concerned, and

b) the remuneration is paid by, or on behalf of, an employer who is not a  resident of the other State, and 

c) the remuneration is not borne by a permanent establishment or a fixed  base which the employer has in the other State.

3.Notwithstanding the preceding provisions of this Article, remuneration  derived in respect of an employment exercised aboard a ship or aircraft operated in  international traffic by an enterprise of a Contracting State may be taxed in that  State.

Directors’ fees and other similar payments derived by a resident of a  Contracting State in his capacity as a member of the board of directors of a company  which is a resident of the other Contracting State may be taxed in that other State.

1. Notwithstanding the provisions of Article 14 and 15, income derived by a  resident of a Contracting State as an entertainer, such as a theatre, motion picture,  radio or television artiste, or a musician, or as a sportsman, from his personal  activities as such exercised in the other Contracting State, may be taxed in that other  State.

2. Where income in respect of personal activities exercised by an entertainer or  sportsman in his capacity as such accrues not to the entertainer or sportsman himself  but to another person, that income may, notwithstanding the provisions of Article 7,  14 and 15, be taxed in the Contracting State in which the activities of the entertainer  or sportsman are exercised. This paragraph shall not apply if it is established that  neither the entertainer or the sportsman himself, nor persons related to him,  participate directly in the profits of such person.

Subject to the provisions of paragraph 2 of Article 19, pensions and other  similar remuneration paid to a resident of a Contracting State in consideration of past  employment shall be taxable only in that State.

1.

a) Remuneration, other than a pension, paid by a Contracting State or a  political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of  services rendered to that State or political subdivision or local authority shall be  taxable only in that State. 

b) However, such remuneration shall be taxable only in the other  Contracting State if the services are rendered in that State and the individual is a  resident of that State who: 

(i) is a national of that State; or 

(ii) did not become a resident of that State solely for the purpose of  rendering the services. 

2.

a) Any pension paid by, or out of funds created by, a Contracting State or a  political subdivision or a local authority thereof to an individual in respect of  services rendered to that State or political subdivision or local authority shall be  taxable only in that State. 

b) However, such pension shall be taxable only in the other Contracting  State if the individual is a resident of, and a national of, that State. 

3. The provisions of Articles 15, 16 and 18 shall apply to remuneration and  pensions in respect of services rendered in connection with a business carried on by a  Contracting State or a political subdivision or a local authority thereof.

Payments which a student or business apprentice who is or was immediately  before visiting a Contracting State a resident of the other Contracting State and who  is present in the first-mentioned State solely for the purpose of his education or  training receives for the purpose of his maintenance, education or training shall not  be taxed in that State, provided that such payments arise from sources outside that  State.

1. Items of income of a resident of a Contracting State, wherever arising, not  dealt with in the foregoing Articles of this Agreement shall be taxable only in that  State. 

2. The provisions of paragraph 1 shall not apply to income, other than income  from immovable property as defined in paragraph 2 of Article 6, if the recipient of  such income, being a resident of a Contracting State, carries on business in the other  Contracting State through a permanent establishment situated therein, or performs in  that other State independent personal services from a fixed base situated therein, and  the right or property in respect of which the income is paid is effectively connected  with such permanent establishment or fixed base. In such case the provisions of  Article 7 or Article 14, as the case may be, shall apply.

1. Capital represented by immovable property referred to in Article 6, owned  by a resident of a Contracting State and situated in the other Contracting State, may  be taxed in that other State. 

2. Capital represented by movable property forming part of the business  property of a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a Contracting State has  in the other Contracting State or by movable property pertaining to a fixed base  available to a resident of a Contracting State in the other Contracting State for the  purpose of performing independent personal services, may be taxed in that other  State. 

3. Capital represented by ships and aircraft operated in international traffic by  an enterprise of a Contracting State and by movable property pertaining to the  operation of such ships and aircraft shall be taxable only in that State.

4. All other elements of capital of a resident of a Contracting State shall be  taxable only in that State.

1. In the case of the Republic of Moldova, double taxation shall be avoided as  follows: 

a) Where a resident of the Republic of Moldova derives income or owns  capital, which in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed in  Switzerland, the Republic of Moldova shall allow: 

(i) as a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident, an amount  equal to the income tax paid in Switzerland; 

(ii) as a deduction from the tax on the capital of that resident, an amount  equal to the capital tax paid in Switzerland.

Such deduction in either case shall not, however, exceed that part of the  income tax or capital tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is  attributable, as the case may be, to the income or the capital which may be taxed in  Switzerland. 

b) Where in accordance with any provisions of this Agreement income  derived or capital owned by a resident of the Republic of Moldova is exempt from  tax in that State, the Republic of Moldova may nevertheless, in calculating the  amount of tax on the remaining income or capital of such resident, take into account  the exempted income or capital. 

2. In the case of Switzerland, double taxation shall be avoided as follows: 

a) Where a resident of Switzerland derives income or owns capital which, in  accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, may be taxed in the Republic of  Moldova, Switzerland shall, subject to the provisions of subparagraph b), exempt  such income or capital from tax but may, in calculating tax on the remaining income  or capital of that resident, apply the rate of tax which would have been applicable if  the exempted income or capital had not been so exempted. 

b) Where a resident of Switzerland derives dividends or interest which, in  accordance with the provisions of Article 10 or 11, may be taxed in the Republic of  Moldova, Switzerland shall allow, upon request, a relief to such resident. The relief  may consist of:

(i) a deduction from the tax on the income of that resident of an amount  equal to the tax levied in the Republic of Moldova in accordance with the provisions  of Articles 10 and 11; such deduction shall not, however, exceed that part of the  Swiss tax, as computed before the deduction is given, which is appropriate to the  income which may be taxed in the Republic of Moldova; or 

(ii) a lump sum reduction of the Swiss tax; or 

(iii) a partial exemption of such dividends or interest from Swiss tax, in  any case consisting at least of the deduction of the tax levied in the Republic of  Moldova from the gross amount of the dividends or interest. 

Switzerland shall determine the applicable relief and regulate the procedure in  accordance with the Swiss provisions relating to the carrying out of international  conventions of the Swiss Confederation for the avoidance of double taxation. 

c) A company which is a resident of Switzerland and which derives  dividends from a company which is a resident of the Republic of Moldova shall be  entitled, for the purposes of Swiss tax with respect to such dividends, to the same  relief which would be granted to the company if the company paying the dividends  were a resident of Switzerland.

1. Nationals of a Contracting State shall not be subjected in the other  Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected therewith, which is  other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected requirements to which  nationals of that other State in the same circumstances, in particular with respect to  residence, are or may be subjected. This provision shall, notwithstanding the  provisions of Article 1, also apply to persons who are not residents of one or both of  the Contracting States. 

2. Stateless persons who are residents of a Contracting State shall not be  subjected in either Contracting State to any taxation or any requirement connected  therewith which is other or more burdensome than the taxation and connected  requirements to which nationals of the State concerned in the same circumstances are  or may be subjected. 

3. The taxation on a permanent establishment which an enterprise of a  Contracting State has in the other Contracting State shall not be less favourably  levied in that other State then the taxation levied on enterprises of that other State  carrying on the same activities.

4. Except where the provisions of Article 9, paragraph 7 of Article 11, or paragraph 4 of Article 12, apply, interest, royalties and other disbursements paid by  an enterprise of a Contracting State to a resident of the other Contracting State shall,  for the purpose of determining the taxable profits of such enterprise, be deductible  under the same conditions as if they had been paid to a resident of the first mentioned State. Similarly, any debts of an enterprise of a Contracting State to a  resident of the other Contracting State shall, for the purpose of determining the  taxable capital of such enterprise, be deductible under the same conditions as if they  had been contracted to a resident of the first-mentioned State. 

5. Enterprises of a Contracting State, the capital of which is wholly or partly  owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by one or more residents of the other  Contracting State, shall not be subjected in the first-mentioned State to any taxation  or any requirement connected therewith which is other or more burdensome than the  taxation and connected requirements to which other similar enterprises of the first mentioned State are or may be subjected. 

6. The provisions of this Article shall not be construed as obliging a  Contracting State to grant to residents of the other Contracting State any personal  allowances, reliefs and reductions for taxation purposes on account of civil status or  family responsibilities which it grants to its own residents. 

7. The provisions of this Article shall, notwithstanding the provisions of  Article 2, apply to taxes of every kind and description.

1. Where a person considers that the actions of one or both of the Contracting  States result or will result for him in taxation not in accordance with the provisions  of this Agreement, he may, irrespective of the remedies provided by the domestic  law of those States, present his case to the competent authority of the Contracting  State of which he is a resident or, if his case comes under paragraph 1 of Article 24,  to that of the Contracting State of which he is a national. The case must be presented  within three years from the first notification of the action resulting in taxation not in  accordance with the provisions of the Agreement. 

2. The competent authority shall endeavour, if the objection appears to it to be  justified and if it is not itself able to arrive at a satisfactory solution, to resolve the  case by mutual agreement with the competent authority of the other Contracting  State, with a view to the avoidance of taxation which is not in accordance with the  Agreement.

3. The competent authorities of the Contracting States shall endeavour to  resolve by mutual agreement any difficulties or doubts arising as to the interpretation  or application of the Agreement. They may also consult together for the elimination  of double taxation in cases not provided for in the Agreement. 

4. The competent authorities of the Contracting States may communicate with  each other directly for the purpose of reaching an agreement in the sense of the  preceding paragraphs. When it seems advisable in order to reach agreement to have  an oral exchange of opinions, such exchange may take place through a Commission  consisting of representatives of the competent authorities of the Contracting States.

Nothing in this Agreement shall affect the fiscal privileges of diplomatic  agents or consular officers under the general rules of international law or under the  provisions of special agreements.

1. The Contracting States shall notify each other that their constitutional  requirements for the entry into force of this Agreement have been complied with. 

2. This Agreement shall enter into force on the date of the latter of the  notifications provided by paragraph 1 and its provisions shall apply: 

a) in respect of taxes withheld at source to amounts derived on or after first  of January in the calendar year next following the year in which the Agreement  enters into force; 

b) in respect of other taxes on income, and taxes on capital, to taxes  chargeable for any taxable year beginning on or after first of January in the calendar  year next following the year in which the Agreement enters into force.

This Agreement shall remain in force until terminated by a Contracting State.  Either Contracting State may terminate the Agreement, through diplomatic channels,  by giving notice of termination at least six months before the end of any calendar  year. In such event, the Agreement shall cease to have effect:

a) in respect of taxes withheld at source to amounts derived on or after the  first of January in the calendar year next following the year in which the notice is  given; 

b) in respect of other taxes on income, and taxes on capital, to taxes  chargeable for any taxable year beginning on or after first of January in the calendar  year next following the year in which the notice is given.