Criminal liability is the public condemnation, in the name of the law, of criminal acts and of the persons who have committed them, which may be preceded by measures of constraint provided for by law.

(1) The real basis of criminal liability shall be the committed harmful acts, while the legal basis of criminal liability shall be the elements of an offence provided for by criminal law.

(2) Only a person guilty of an offence stipulated by criminal law shall be held criminally liable.

(1) The totality of the objective and subjective signs, established by the criminal law, which qualify a harmful act as a specific offence, shall be considered as the composition of the offence.

(2) The composition of the offence is the legal basis for the qualification of the offence according to a specific article of this Code.