(1) Parliament is the supreme representative body of the people of the Republic of Moldova and the sole legislative authority of the state.

(2) Parliament shall be composed of 101 Members.

(1) Parliament is elected by universal, equal, direct, secret and freely expressed vote.

(2) The manner in which elections are organised and conducted shall be determined by organic law.

(3) The elections of Members of Parliament shall take place no later than 3 months after the expiry of the term of office or the dissolution of the previous Parliament.

The Constitutional Court, on a proposal from the Central Electoral Commission, decides to validate the mandate of the deputy or to invalidate it in case of violation of electoral law.

(1) Parliament shall be elected for a term of four years, which may be extended by organic law in the event of war or catastrophe.

(2) The Parliament shall meet, at the convocation of the President of the Republic of Moldova, no later than 30 days after the elections.

(3) The mandate of the Parliament shall be extended until the legal meeting of the new composition. During this period, the Constitution may not be amended and organic laws may not be adopted, amended or repealed.

(4) Draft laws or legislative proposals on the agenda of the previous Parliament shall continue their procedure in the new Parliament.

(1) The structure, organisation and functioning of Parliament shall be determined by regulation. Parliament's financial resources are set out in the budget approved by it.

(2) The President of the Parliament shall be elected by secret ballot, by a majority of the votes of the Elected Members, during the term of office of the Parliament. It may be revoked at any time by secret ballot by Parliament by a majority of at least two-thirds of the votes of all Members.

(3) The Vice-Presidents shall be elected on a proposal from the President of the Parliament, in consultation with the parliamentary factions.

(1) The sittings of parliament shall be public.

(2) Parliament may decide that certain meetings shall be closed.

Parliament has the following basic tasks:

a) adopt laws, decisions and motions;

b) declare referendums;

c) interpret the laws and ensure the unity of the legislative regulations throughout the country;

d) approve the main directions of the internal and external policy of the State;

e) approves the military doctrine of the state;

f) exercise parliamentary control over executive power, in the forms and within the limits laid down in the Constitution;

g) ratify, denounce, suspend and annul the action of international treaties concluded by the Republic of Moldova;

h) approve the State budget and exercise control over it;

i) exercise control over the granting of State loans, economic and other aid to foreign states, the conclusion of agreements on State loans and loans from foreign sources;

j) elect and appoint state officials, in cases provided for by law;

k) approves the orders and medals of the Republic of Moldova;

(l) declare partial or general mobilisation;

m) declare a state of emergency, siege and war;

n) initiate the investigation and hearing of any matters relating to the interests of the company;

o) suspend the activity of local public administration bodies, in cases provided for by law;

p) adopt acts on amnesty;

r)performs other duties, established by the Constitution and laws.

1) Parliament shall meet in two ordinary sessions per year. The first session starts in February and may not exceed the end of July. The second session starts in September and may not exceed the end of December.

2) The Parliament shall also meet in extraordinary or special sessions at the request of the president of the Republic Of Moldova,the president of the Parliament or one third of the deputies.

(1) In the exercise of the mandate, the deputies are at the service of the people.

(2) Any mandatory mandate shall be void.

(1) Deputies shall enter the office subject to validation.

(2) The capacity of a deputy shall cease on the date of the legal meeting of the newly elected parliament, in case of resignation, lifting of the mandate, incompatibility or death.

(1) The quality of deputy is incompatible with the exercise of any other remunerated function, except for the didactic and scientific activity.

(2) Other incompatibilities are established by organic law.

(3) The deputy may not be detained, arrested, searched, except in cases of flagrant crime, or sent to trial without the consent of the Parliament, after his hearing.

The member may not be persecuted or held legally liable for votes or opinions expressed in the exercise of his or her mandate.

(1) Parliament shall adopt constitutional laws, organic laws and ordinary laws.

(2) Constitutional laws are those of revision of the Constitution.

(3) Organic Law shall regulate:

      a) electoral system;

      b) organization and conduct of the referendum;

      c) organisation and functioning of Parliament;

      d) organization and functioning of government;

      e) organization and functioning of the Constitutional Court of the Superior Council of      Magistracy, courts, administrative litigation;

      f) organization of the local administration of the territory as well as the general regime  on local autonomy;

      g) organization and functioning of political parties;

      h) how to establish the exclusive economic zone;

      i) the general legal regime of property and inheritance;

      j) general arrangements for employment relations, trade unions and social protection;

      k) general organization of education;

      l) general regime of religious cults;

      m) state of emergency, siege and war regime;

      n) offences, punishments and the regime of their execution;

      o) granting amnesty and pardon;

      p) other areas for which the Constitution provides for the adoption of organic laws;

      r) other areas for which Parliament considers it necessary to adopt organic laws.

(4) ordinary laws intervene in any area of social relations, except those reserved for constitutional and organic laws.

The right of legislative initiative belongs to the deputies in the Parliament, to the President of the Republic of Moldova, to the Government, to the People's Assembly of the Gagauzia Autonomous Territorial Unit.

(1) The organic laws are adopted with the vote of the majority of the elected deputies, after at least two readings.

(2) The ordinary laws and decisions are adopted with the vote of the majority of the deputies present.

(3) The draft laws presented by the Government, as well as the legislative proposals of the deputies accepted by it shall be examined by the Parliament in the manner and according to the priorities established by the Government, including in the emergency procedure. Other legislative proposals are examined in the established manner.

(4) The laws shall be sent for promulgation to the President of the Republic of Moldova.

(1) The most important issues of the society and of the state are subject to the referendum.

(2) The decisions adopted according to the results of the republican referendum have supreme legal power.

The law shall be published in the Official Gazette (Monitorul Oficial) of the Republic of Moldova and shall enter into force on the date of its publication or on the date provided for in its text. The non-publication of the law entails its non-existence.

(1) The President of the Republic of Moldova is the Head of State.

(2) The President of the Republic of Moldova represents the state and is the guarantor of the sovereignty, national independence, unity and territorial integrity of the country.

(1) The President of the Republic of Moldova is elected by universal, equal, direct, secret and free vote.

(2) The citizen with the right to vote who has reached the age of 40, has lived or permanently resides on the territory of the Republic of Moldova for not less than 10 years and possesses the state language may be elected President of the Republic of Moldova.

(3) The candidate who has gathered at least half of the votes of the voters who participated in the elections shall be declared elected.

(4) If none of the candidates has obtained this majority, a second ballot shall be held between the first two candidates established in the order of the number of votes obtained in the first round. The candidate who obtained the highest number of votes is declared elected, provided that their number is higher than the number of votes cast against the candidate.

(5) is declared invalid by the Constitutional Court https://www.legis.md/search/getResults?doc_id=91383&lang=en)

(6) The procedure for electing the President of the Republic of Moldova is established by organic law.

(1) The result of the elections for the office of President of the Republic of Moldova is validated by the Constitutional Court.

(2) The candidate whose election has been validated shall submit the following oath before the Parliament and the Constitutional Court at the latest 45 days after the election:

"I swear to give all my power and skill to the advancement of the Republic of Moldova, to respect the Constitution and the laws of the country, to defend democracy, fundamental human rights and freedoms, sovereignty, independence, unity and territorial integrity of Moldova".

(1) The term of office of the President of the Republic of Moldova lasts 4 years and is exercised from the date of taking the oath.

(2) The President of the Republic of Moldova shall exercise his mandate until the swearing in of the newly elected President.

(3) The mandate of the President of the Republic of Moldova may be extended, by organic law, in case of war or catastrophe.

(4) No person may hold the office of President of the Republic of Moldova except for a maximum of two consecutive terms.

(1) The status of President of the Republic of Moldova is incompatible with the exercise of any other remunerated function.

(2) The President of the Republic of Moldova enjoys immunity. He may not be held legally liable for the opinions expressed in the exercise of his mandate.

(3) Parliament may decide to impeach the President of the Republic of Moldova, with the vote of at least two thirds of the elected deputies, if he commits a crime. Jurisdiction belongs to the Supreme Court of Justice under the law. The president is dismissed by law on the date of finality of the sentence.

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(1) The President of the Republic of Moldova may take part in the work of the Parliament.

(2) The President of the Republic of Moldova sends messages to Parliament on the main problems of the nation.

(1) In case of impossibility to form the Government or to block the procedure of adopting the laws for 3 months, the President of the Republic of Moldova, after consulting the parliamentary factions, may dissolve the Parliament.

(2) The Parliament may be dissolved, if it has not accepted the vote of confidence for the formation of the Government within 45 days from the first request and only after the rejection of at least two requests for investiture.

(3) Parliament may be dissolved only once in a year.

(4) The Parliament cannot be dissolved in the last 6 months of the mandate of the President of the Republic of Moldova, except for the case provided in art. 78 para. (5), nor during the state of emergency, siege or war.

(1) The President of the Republic of Moldova holds negotiations and takes part in negotiations, concludes international treaties on behalf of the Republic of Moldova and presents them in the manner and within the time limit set by law for ratification to Parliament.

(2) The President of the Republic of Moldova, on a proposal from the Government, accredits and recalls the diplomatic representatives of the Republic of Moldova and approves the establishment, abolition or change of the rank of diplomatic missions.

(3) The President of the Republic of Moldova receives the credentials and recall letters of the diplomatic representatives of other states in the Republic of Moldova.

(1) The President of the Republic of Moldova is the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.

(2) The President of the Republic of Moldova may declare, with the prior approval of the Parliament, partial or general mobilization.

(3) In case of armed aggression against the country, the President of the Republic of Moldova takes measures to reject aggression, declares a state of war and brings them to the attention of Parliament without delay. If Parliament is not in session, it shall convene as a matter of law within 24 hours of the start of the aggression.

(4) The President of the Republic of Moldova may take other measures to ensure national security and public order, within the limits and under the conditions of the law.

The President of the Republic of Moldova also performs the following duties:

a) confer decorations and titles of honour;

b) grant supreme military degrees provided for by law;

c) solves the problems of citizenship of the Republic of Moldova and grants political asylum;

d) appoint to public office, under the conditions laid down by law;

e) grant individual pardon;

f) may ask the people to express their will in the referendum on matters of national interest;

g) grant diplomatic ranks;

h) confers higher classification levels for workers in the prosecutor's office, judges and other categories of officials, in accordance with the law;

i) suspend the acts of the Government that contravene the legislation until the adoption of the final decision of the Constitutional Court.

j) exercise other powers established by law.

(1) In case of committing serious deeds by which he violates the provisions of the Constitution, the President of the Republic of Moldova may be suspended from office by the Parliament, with the vote of two thirds of the deputies.

(2) The proposal for suspension from office may be initiated by at least one third of the deputies and shall be brought, without delay, to the knowledge of the President of the Republic of Moldova. The President may give an explanation to Parliament as to the facts alleged against him.

(3) If the proposal for suspension of office is approved, a referendum shall be held within 30 days for the dismissal of the President.

(1) The vacation of the position of President of the Republic of Moldova occurs in case of expiration of the mandate, resignation, dismissal, final impossibility of exercising the attributions or death.

(2) The request for resignation of the President of the Republic of Moldova is presented to the Parliament, which decides on it.

(3) The impossibility of exercising the attributions for more than 60 days by the President of the Republic of Moldova is confirmed by the Constitutional Court within 30 days from the notification.

(4) Within 2 months from the date on which the vacation of the position of President of the Republic of Moldova took place, elections for a new President shall be organized, in accordance with the law.

If the position of President of the Republic of Moldova becomes vacant or if the President is dismissed or if he is temporarily unable to exercise his duties, the interim shall be provided, in order, by the President of the Parliament or by the Prime Minister.

If the person acting as President of the Republic of Moldova commits serious acts in violation of the provisions of the Constitution, Article 89(1) and Article 91 shall apply.

(1) The President of the Republic of Moldova promulgates the laws.

(2) The President of the Republic of Moldova is entitled, if he objects to a law, to send it, within two weeks at the latest, to parliament for review. If Parliament upholds its previous decision, the President shall promulgate the law.

(1) In the exercise of his duties, the President of the Republic of Moldova issues decrees, binding on execution throughout the state. The decrees are published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Moldova.

(2) Decrees issued by the President in the exercise of his duties as provided for in Article 86(2), Article 87(2), (3) and (4) shall be countersigned by the Prime Minister.

(1) The financial resources of the apparatus of the President of the Republic of Moldova shall be approved, on his proposal, by the Parliament and shall be included in the state budget.

(2) The allowance and other rights of the President of the Republic of Moldova shall be determined by law.

(1) The Government shall ensure the implementation of the internal and external policy of the State and exercise the general leadership of the public administration.

(2) In the exercise of its powers, the Government shall be governed by its programme of activity, accepted by Parliament.

The government consists of the Prime Minister, First Deputy Prime Minister, Deputy Prime Ministers, Ministers and other members established by organic law.

(1) After consulting the parliamentary factions, the President of the Republic of Moldova nominates a candidate for the position of Prime Minister.

(2) The candidate for the position of Prime Minister shall request, within 15 days from the appointment, the vote of confidence of the Parliament on the activity program and of the entire list of the Government.

(3) The activity program and the list of the Government are debated in the sitting of the Parliament. It gives confidence to the Government with the vote of the majority of the elected deputies

(4) Based on the vote of confidence granted by the Parliament, the President of the Republic of Moldova appoints the Government.

(5) The Government exercises its attributions from the day of taking the oath by its members before the President of the Republic of Moldova.

(6) In case of governmental reshuffle or vacancy of office, the President of the Republic of Moldova revokes and appoints at the proposal of the Prime Minister, some members of the Government.

(1) The position of member of the Government is incompatible with the exercise of any other remunerated function.

(2) Other incompatibilities shall be established by organic law.

The position of member of the Government ceases in case of resignation, revocation, incompatibility or death.

(1) The Prime Minister leads the Government and coordinates the activity of its members, respecting their attributions.

(2) In case of impossibility of the Prime Minister to exercise his attributions or in case of his death, the President of the Republic of Moldova shall appoint another member of the Government as interim Prime Minister until the formation of the new Government. The interim period during the impossibility of exercising the attributions ceases, if the Prime Minister resumes his activity in the Government.

(3) In case of resignation of the Prime Minister, the whole Government resigns.

(1) The Government adopts decisions, ordinances and dispositions.

(2) The decisions are adopted for the organization of the execution of the laws.

(3) The ordinances are issued under the conditions of article 1062.

(4) The decisions and ordinances adopted by the Government shall be signed by the Prime Minister, countersigned by the ministers who have the obligation to implement them and shall be published in the Official Gazette of the Republic of Moldova. Non-publication entails the non-existence of the decision or ordinance.

(5) The dispositions are issued by the Prime Minister for the organization of the internal activity of the Government.

(1) The government shall exercise its mandate until the date of validation of the elections for a new Parliament.

(2) The Government in the event of a vote of no confidence by the Parliament, the resignation of the Prime Minister or in the case of paragraph 1, performs only the functions of administration of public affairs, until the swearing-in by the members of the new Government.

(1) The Government is responsible to Parliament and presents the information and documents requested by it, its committees and Members.

(2) Members of the Government shall have access to the work of Parliament. If they are required to attend, their participation shall be compulsory.

(1) The Government and each of its members are obliged to answer questions or questions raised by Members.

(2) Parliament may adopt a motion expressing its position on the subject of the appeal.

(1) Parliament, on the proposal of at least one-fourth of the Members, may express its distrust of the Government, with the vote of the majority of The Members.

(2) The initiative to express distrust shall be examined 3 days after the date of submission to Parliament.

(1) The Government may assume responsibility before the Parliament on a program, a general policy statement or a draft law.

(2) The Government is dismissed if the motion of censure, submitted within 3 days from the presentation of the program, the general policy statement or the draft law, was voted under the conditions of article 106.

(3) If the Government has not been dismissed in accordance with paragraph 2, the bill presented shall be deemed to have been adopted and the program or general policy statement shall become binding on the Government.

(1) In order to carry out the activity program of the Government, the Parliament may adopt, at its proposal, a special law empowering the Government to issue ordinances in areas that are not subject to organic laws.

(2) The enabling law shall establish, obligatorily, the field and the date until which ordinances may be issued.

(3) The ordinances enter into force on the date of publication, without being promulgated.

(4) If the enabling law requires it, the ordinances are subject to the approval of the Parliament. The draft law on the approval of ordinances is presented within the term established in the empowerment law. Failure to comply with this deadline will result in termination of the effects of the ordinance. If Parliament does not reject the draft law on the approval of ordinances, they remain in force.

(5) After the expiration of the term established for issuing the ordinances, they may be abrogated, suspended or amended only by law. "

(1) The central specialized bodies of the state are the ministries. They translate into life, according to the law, the government's policy, its decisions and provisions, lead the areas entrusted and are responsible for their work.

(2) For the purposes of management, coordination and control in the field of economic organisation and in other areas not directly within the powers of ministries, other administrative authorities shall be established, under the law.

(1) The armed forces are subordinated exclusively to the will of the people to guarantee sovereignty, independence and unity, the territorial integrity of the country and constitutional democracy.

(2) The structure of the national defence system shall be established by organic law.

(1) Public administration in territorial administrative units is based on the principles of local autonomy, decentralisation of public services, eligibility of local public administration authorities and consultation of citizens on local issues of special interest.

(2) Autonomy concerns both the organization and functioning of local public administration, as well as the

the communities they represent.

(3) The application of the principles set out may not affect the character of a unitary State.

(1) The territory of the Republic of Moldova is organized, from an administrative point of view, in villages, cities, districts and the autonomous territorial unit of Gagauzia. Under the law, some cities can be declared municipalities.

(2) The localities on the left bank of the Dniester may be assigned special forms and conditions of autonomy in accordance with the special statute adopted by organic law.

(3) The status of the capital of the Republic of Moldova, the city of Chisinau, is regulated by an organic law.

(1) Gagauzia is an autonomous territorial unit with a special status which, being a form of self-determination of Gagauzia, is an integral and inalienable part of the Republic of Moldova and resolves independently, within the limits of its competence, according to the Constitution of the Republic of Moldova. the whole population, political, economic and cultural issues.

(2) On the territory of the autonomous territorial unit of Gagauzia are guaranteed all the rights and freedoms provided by the Constitution and the legislation of the Republic of Moldova.

(3) In the autonomous territorial unit Gagauzia activates representative and executive bodies according to the law.

(4) The land, the subsoil, the waters, the vegetal and the animal kingdom, other natural resources located on the territory of the autonomous territorial unit of Gagauzia are the property of the people of the Republic of Moldova and at the same time constitute the economic base of Gagauzia.

(5) The budget of the autonomous territorial unit of Gagauzia shall be formed in accordance with the norms established in the law governing the special status of Gagauzia.

(6) The control over the observance of the legislation of the Republic of Moldova in the autonomous territorial unit of Gagauzia is exercised by the Government, in accordance with the law.

(7) The organic law regulating the special status of the autonomous territorial unit of Gagauzia may be amended by the vote of three-fifths of the number of deputies elected to Parliament.

(1) The public administration authorities, through which local autonomy is exercised in villages and towns, are

elected local councils and elected mayors.

(2) Local councils and mayors act, under the law, as autonomous administrative authorities and solve public affairs in villages and towns.

(3) The choice of local councils and mayors, as well as their powers, shall be determined by law.

(1) The district council shall coordinate the work of the village and town councils with a view to carrying out public services of district interest.

(2) The district council shall be elected and shall operate in accordance with the law.

(3) Relations between local public authorities are based on the principles of autonomy, legality and collaboration in solving common problems.

Justice is done in the name of the law only by the courts.

(1) Justice is administered through the Supreme Court of Justice, the courts of appeal and the judges.

(2) For certain categories of cases, specialized judges may function, according to the law.

(3) The establishment of extraordinary courts is prohibited.

(4) The organization of the courts, their competence and the trial procedure are established by organic law.

(1) The judges of the courts are independent, impartial and irremovable, according to the law.

(2) The judges of the courts shall be appointed, in accordance with the law, until reaching the age limit, by the President of the Republic of Moldova, at the proposal of the Superior Council of Magistracy. The President of the Republic of Moldova may reject the candidacy proposed by the Superior Council of Magistracy only once.

(3) (Repealed)

(4) (Repealed)

(5) Decisions on the appointment of judges and their careers must be taken on the basis of objective, merit-based criteria and a transparent procedure, in accordance with the law. The promotion or transfer of judges is done only with their consent.

(5.1) Judges have only functional immunity under the law.

(6) The sanctioning of judges shall be made in accordance with the law.

(7) The position of judge is incompatible with the exercise of any other remunerated position, except for the didactic and scientific activity.

In all courts, court sessions are public. Trials in closed session shall be allowed only in cases established by law, in compliance with all procedural rules.

(1) The judicial procedure is carried out in the Moldovan language.

(2) Persons who do not possess or speak the Moldovan language have the right to be aware of all the documents and works of the file, to speak in court through an interpreter.

(3) Under the law, judicial proceedings may also be carried out in a language acceptable to the majority of persons participating in the trial.

Against judicial decisions, interested parties and competent state bodies may exercise remedies under the law.

It is mandatory to respect the sentences and other final decisions of the courts, as well as the cooperation requested by them during the process of execution of the sentences and other final judgments.

(1) The financial resources of the courts are approved by the Parliament and are included in the state budget.

(1.1) In the process of elaboration, approval and modification of the budget of the courts, the consultative opinion of the Superior Council of Magistracy is requested. The Superior Council of Magistracy has the right to present to the Parliament proposals for the draft budget of the courts.

(2) The indemnities and other rights of the judges are established by law.

(3) The courts have the police in their service.

The Superior Council of Magistracy is the guarantor of the independence of the judiciary.

(1) The Superior Council of Magistracy consists of 12 members: six judges elected by the General Assembly of Judges, representing all levels of the courts, and six persons who enjoy a high professional reputation and personal integrity, with experience in the field of law or in another relevant field, which does not operate within the bodies of the legislative, executive or judicial powers and are not politically affiliated.

(2) The procedure and conditions for the election, appointment and termination of the term of office of the members of the Superior Council of Magistracy shall be established by law. The members of the Superior Council of Magistracy may be revoked, in accordance with the law.

(3) The candidates for the position of member of the Superior Council of Magistracy who are not part of the judges are selected by competition, based on a transparent procedure, based on merit, and are appointed by the Parliament with the vote of three fifths of the elected deputies.

(4) If the appointment of candidates who are not part of the judges to the position of member of the Superior Council of Magistracy under paragraph 3 has failed, the procedure and conditions for their appointment shall be established by law.

(5) The members of the Superior Council of Magistracy are elected or appointed for a term of 6 years, without the possibility of holding two terms.

(1) The Superior Council of Magistracy ensures the appointment, transfer, secondment, promotion and application of disciplinary measures against judges. The Superior Council of Magistracy exercises its attributions directly or through its specialized bodies.

(2) The way of organization and functioning of the Superior Council of Magistracy is established by organic law.

(1) The Prosecutor's Office is an autonomous public institution within the judicial authority, which contributes to the administration of justice, defense of the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the person, society and the state through criminal and other procedures provided by law.

(2) The attributions of the Prosecutor's Office are exercised by prosecutors.

(3) The competences, the way of organization and functioning of the Prosecutor's Office are established by law.

(1) The Prosecutor General is appointed by the President of the Republic of Moldova, at the proposal of the Superior Council of Prosecutors, for a term of 7 years, which cannot be renewed.

(2) The General Prosecutor is dismissed from office by the President of the Republic of Moldova, at the proposal of the Superior Council of Prosecutors, in accordance with the law, for objective reasons and under a transparent procedure.

(3) The appointment, transfer, promotion and dismissal of hierarchically inferior prosecutors shall be carried out by the Prosecutor General, at the proposal of the Superior Council of Prosecutors.

(1) The Superior Council of Prosecutors is the guarantor of the independence and impartiality of prosecutors.

(2) The Superior Council of Prosecutors is constituted, in accordance with the law, by prosecutors elected from prosecutorships of all levels and from representatives of other authorities, public institutions or civil society. Prosecutors in the Superior Council of Prosecutors are an important part.

(3) The Superior Council of Prosecutors shall ensure the appointment, transfer, promotion and application of disciplinary measures against prosecutors.

(4) The manner of organization and functioning of the Superior Council of Prosecutors shall be established by law